Polygamy reasons in Islam Essay

Polygamy is a Greek word that means the practice of multiple marriages. Polygamy was considered to fulfill men’s desires on the grounds of strong cultural considerations. Nowadays, Polygamy is considered in Islamic countries and some rural areas around the word. However, it was difficult to provide statistics on the issue of polygamy because of the lack of communication. The man can marry up to four wives. Each wife constitutes a separate household with the husband visiting his wives in turn. Human Rights: Human rights deny gender differences and strive to maintain equality in social rules. Gender equality means an equal visibility, empowerment and participation of both sexes in all spheres of public and private life. Human rights discourse prohibits polygamy and the act of practicing it. Human rights theory is against the notion of polygamy. Human rights discourse states that polygamy is against the dignity of women and their human rights. Polygamy violates the right of equality between men and women; indeed, by allowing men to have more than one wife but preventing women from doing it, the right of equality is violated. In addition, human rights discourse is against the practice of polygamy. It violates women’s right of spending enough time with their husband and children’s right to be raised within a stable family. The idea of allowing the husband to choose polygamy is not considered as slavery or exclusion of the women’s right to decide; on the other hand, it is considered as traditional family life in which the husband is the head of the family. However, the wife can take the place of her husband as the head of the family when the law deprives his civil rights, as if the husband is in jail. On the other hand, polygamy violates the rights of children. Men that have more than one wife do not have enough time to spend it with their children compared with men that have one wife. In addition, their wives try to compete with other wives in order to impress and entertain the man. As a result, children will not have enough time to spend it with their parents. Polygamy requires a lot of time and money; indeed, the man is ordered to fulfill the needs of his wives equally. That will decrease his financial status and this will result in a decrease in health and educational status. Kent acknowledges that polygamists refuse the common life styles and beliefs they live apart from public scrutiny or association, and are more vulnerable to violating civil rights (Kant, 2006). Canadian civil marriage act (2005) defines marriage as â€Å"the lawful union of one two persons to the exclusion of others†. This definition of marriage excludes polygamy. Even though there were laws in Canada prohibiting polygamy before 2009, Winston Blackmore and James Oler were the first polygamists arrested in Canada in January 2009. The maximum penalty for polygamists is 5 years in jail. Although Canadian law assures freedom of religious expression, Polygamy is prohibited. Legal experts say the case promises to pit Canada’s antipolygamy law against the country’s Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which guarantees freedom of religious expression. Divine Command: Divine command theory in Islam respect gender differences and it maintains equality between men and women. However, it is different in some cases. Divine command explains gender differences as being compatible to each other, which explains the differences in some cases. One of these few cases is polygamy. Islamic law allows polygamy as stated in the quran â€Å"And if you fear that you cannot act equitably towards orphans, then marry such women as seem good to you, two and three and four; but if you fear that you will not do justice between them, then marry only one or what your right hands possess; this is more proper, that you may not deviate from the right course† (4:3). There are several conditions to be maintained in order for the man to marry more than one woman. The first and most fundamental condition is justice, the man have to maintain equality between his wives. He has to be equal in the time spent with the wife and the financial matters, but not his heart inclination. The man can love a wife or her children more than the other but he should keep that to himself and do not show it to his other wives by his behavior. A man should have a reasonable issue to have more than one wife, he should not have more than what he wants. As a result, if two women are enough their husband does not have to marry a third wife and so on. In addition, the man should be able to aid his family, so he cannot marry more than one wife if he is not able to satisfy all of his wives equally. There are several types of aid: financial aid that extends to his children, the ability to satisfy the wives sexual desires. If the man is not able to satisfy the sexual desires of one wife, then he is not allowed to marry more than one. If a women states that her husband does not satisfy her sexual desires, she has the right to ask for divorce. To sum up, the man has to apply justice in the concepts of expenses, sex, and treatment in order to be eligible to have more than one wife. Polygamy is allowed in Islam due to several reasons. First of all is increasing the population. Although one says that increased population causes problems on the society, it results in increased labour, which will increase economy. For example, China has the largest population in the world and they have a strong economical force. Another reason is the increased number of women compared with men in some countries. For example, an official statistic in Germany shows that in 1990 there were approximately 2.7 million more females than males; moreover, the incidents of dying men are more then women. This means that there will be many women without a husband that will lead to a decrease in the population and an increase in adultery and sexually transmitted disease. Childs of adultery are missing the traditional family life and that will reverse it on their behaviour. There are many men that can not handle their sexual interactions and they need more than one women, so if they had more than one that will prevent them from adultery. In addition, men are prohibited to have sex during menstruation or confinement due to its medical harm. The most reason that makes men marry is to make a family, but this dream is impossible if the woman is infertile or has an illness. As a result, it is fair to marry another fertile women. One says that polygamy will cause problems to the family and the wives will be competing with each other. The response for this critique is that problems can occur in every family even if there is one wife. Moreover, each wife has the right to live in her own house and the man can not force them to live in the same house. Another one argues that if polygamy is allowed for men, it should be allowed for women as well. The response to this critique is that women are the carrier of the off spring and by having sex with more than a man the child’s identity will be lost. The children will not be able to recognize their father and it will confuse the society. In addition, the ties of the fatherhood with the children are going to be weak. On April 15th, 2009 Afghanistan women protested in a Shia mosque in the country’s capital city because of a new law that was passed which forbid women to leave their homes without permission from a male relative and these women were also not allowed to refuse to have sex with their husbands. The 300 women who protested were young and organized by women’s rights activists. These Afghan women believed this new law was unacceptable and was a return to Taliban rule. Many local men were outraged by the protesting of these women and threw gravel and small stones at them. As a result, polygamy will decrese these problems. Conclusion: From my point of view, I think that polygamy have more advantages and disadvantages. We can adapt and solve the disadvantages to make polygamy more successful. For example, one can spend more time with his family to make sure that the women and children are satisfied. On the other hand, polygamy should not be allowed without its provisions. Indeed, courts should make sure that polygamy conditions are accomplished, especially the right of justice and equality. References: Kent, S. (2006, August). A matter of principle: fundamentalist Mormon polygamy, children, and human rights debates. Nova religio, 10(1), 7-29. Retrieved June 18, 2009, from ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials database. Polygamists arrested for first time in Canada. (2009, February 10). Christian Century, Retrieved June 18, 2009, from Humanities International Complete database. Polygamy Is Against Women’s Human Rights and Their Dignity, Experts Say, (2000). Retrieved June 14, 2009, from http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/51DA40508951B238C1256988002EE12E?opendocument Polygamy reasons and conditions in Islam, (2007). Retrieved June 17, 2009, from http://akhawat.islamway.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=49647 Polygamy reasons in Islam, (2002). Retrieved June 14, 2009, from http://www.islamway.com/?iw_s=Article&iw_a=view&article_id=218#(1)

Global and U.S. Economy Essay

After a low-key performance for about three consecutive years, prospects for growth of the world economy significantly improved in 2004. This improvement in the economic outlook was widespread across the nations of the world. However, differences in economic robustness among regions and countries persisted. In the preceding two years, macroeconomic policies had been crucial for stimulating the global recovery, but the emerging challenge was for policies to simultaneously sustain robust growth and maintain stable inflation (United Nations, Economic and Social Development Affairs, â€Å"2004† 3) Following a temporary slowdown in mid-2004, global GDP growth picked up through the first quarter of 2005, with robust services sector output more than offsetting slowing global growth in manufacturing and trade. In the second quarter, however, in part reflecting the impact of higher oil prices, signs of slowness emerged, with leading indicators turning downward and business confidence weakening in most major countries. Subsequently, while global manufacturing and trade were strengthened, and leading indicators picked up, the continuing rise in crude oil and refined product prices, which was exacerbated by the catastrophic effects of Hurricane Katrina, acted as a major downward force (World Economic Outlook, â€Å"2005† 1). Nonetheless, the resilience of the global economy in 2005 continued to exceed expectations. Despite higher oil prices and natural disasters, activity in the third quarter of 2005 was in fact stronger than earlier projected, particularly among emerging market countries; global GDP growth was estimated at 4.8 percent, 0. 5 percentage point higher than projected previously (World Economic Outlook, â€Å"2006†1). Global industrial production has gone up from mid-2005; the services sector today remains strong; global trade growth is at a high level; consumer confidence and labor market conditions are on an optimistic note; and forward-looking indicators such as business confidence have risen. Asia is forging ahead, with China enjoying double-digit expansion and India growing very rapidly as well. Growth in most emerging and developing countries remains solid, with a marked buoyancy of activity in China, India, and Russia. After years of deflationary weakness, Japan has embarked on a new path, with personal consumption and labor income joining exports and business investment as the main drivers of growth. Japanese expansion is well established. In continental Europe, activity weakened again late last year, partly reacting to rising oil prices, but accelerated in early 2006 (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). There are signs of a more sustained recovery in the Euro area, although domestic demand growth remains subdued in that region. The impressive performance of the global economy in recent years is, truly, a cause for celebration. Accelerated growth is vital prerequisite for poverty reduction in developing countries. Without sustained and rapid growth, lasting poverty reduction will prove elusive (Krueger). Though hurricanes had a damaging impact in the United States, it was but a transient one, and the activity was already bouncing back early in 2006. Among industrial countries, the United States remains the main engine of growth. In 2005, the U. S. economy expanded by 3.5%, a rate slightly above potential growth for the U. S. economy, leading to a decline in the unemployment rate from 5. 4% in the fourth quarter of 2004 to 4. 9% in the final quarter of 2005. The economy added nearly two million jobs in 2005, averaging 165,000 jobs per month. Yet the economy experienced a substantial swing in economic activity beginning in the third quarter of last year. Real gross domestic product (GDP) expanded by 4. 1% in the third quarter, slowed drastically to 1. 7% in the fourth quarter, and then bounced back up to 5. 6% in the first quarter of 2006. (Strauss and Engel).

Tourism websites analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Tourism websites analysis - Research Paper Example The report also reflects the structure of marketing objectives, is prepared under the accrual, and outputs framework. Yours sincerely, Name: Executive summary The introductory part of this study shows the need for having marketing research. This is through analysis of tourism websites showing that taking a marketing research is necessary in order to formulate decisions and strategies for business success. In carrying out a marketing research, there is need to develop skills needed in seeking information about the market and marketing issues. This helps in assessing quality of information linking it with the business goal to make it stronger. It is also necessary to understand the competitive environment as it helps in seizing market opportunities in places where they exist making the market productive. The analysis shows that every business is analysed by the factors that affect its functions and these factors attribute for the success or failure of the business. In conclusion, hotel s are valued as a strategic community partner due to its mission of enabling people to save money to better their lives. Table of contents Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Background to the problem †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ... †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 Limitation & Future research †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦18   Recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 20 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 21 Introduction Marketing in every industry involves change, as change is inevitable in every business practices, as business people believe that change is able to maintain a competitive position. Hiatt (2010) describes that change is an essential factor to consider for surviving in today’s market. Organisational change involves adding new people or modifying programs it also include change in mission and restructuring operations such as restructuring self managed teams or layoffs, improved new technologies and mergers. Change occurs not for any reason but to accomplish an overall goal and it is usually provoked by outside driving force such as addressing new markets or need for dramatic increases in productivity. The above study shows the impact of marketing in the tourism industry. The study will also show how organizations and among employees undertake the role of human resource in managing change. A review of tourism websites shows that taking a marketing research is necessary in order to formulate decisions and strategies for business success. In carrying out a marketing research, there is need to develop skills needed in seeking information about the market and marketing issues. This helps in assessing quality of information linking it with the business goal to make it stronger. It is also necessary to understand the competitive environment as it helps in seizing market opportunities in places where they exist making the market productive. Companies having the

Human Excellence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Excellence - Essay Example Introduction In this paper, I will argue for a model of human excellence according to Aristotle but all the while making comparisons with other philosophers. These theories work to specify the character virtues or traits which lead to human flourishing (Karl, 1996). Such virtues include compassion, justice, courage, tolerance, intelligence, patience, imagination, persistence and creativity. Virtue in the regard is synonymous with goodness and human excellence. Human excellence materializes in our modern-day society in many kinds of forms and studies have revealed that the most significant way to realize excellent performance in fields such as music, sport, scholarship and professions is to practice. The attainment of excellence in such fields generally needs more or less 10 years of loyalty, embracing about 10,000 hours of effort (Karl, 1996). The Ancient Greeks had a perception of arete which meant an exceptional fitness for intention. This takes place in the works of Aristotle and Homer. An additional related notion was eudaimonia which was the happiness which resulted from a life fulfilled and well-lived, and being prosperous (David, 2006). The comparable theory in Muslim philosophy is called ihsan. According to Aristotle, the best good or "the god" is that which is desired for its own sake and for the sake which we wish for all other goods or ends. For the human beings, happiness or eudaimonia is the motion of the soul in harmony with arete which in Greek means excellence, what something is good for or virtue (Rosalind,1999). Eudaemonia is characterized by living well and doing well in the affairs of the world. Moral virtue is not the end of life since it can go with misery, inactivity, and unhappiness (Kelvin, 2007). But happiness, and the end of life, to which all things aim, is activity in accord with reason of the arete or peculiar excellence of any person. At the same time, happiness is an activity that involves both the moral and the intellectual aret e but some external goods are essential to exercise that activity. However, happiness can never be identified with wealth, pleasure, or honor even though nearly everyone tends to think so. On the other hand, excellence is the quality of being excellent or the circumstances of having good qualities in an prominent degree; illustrious merit; supremacy in virtue but a title of honor or respect is termed as his or her Excellency (Rosalind, 1999). Important questions How do we know what human excellence is? How does the definition compare among other moral theories? Can there be more a number of definitions? What does it feel to fulfill our human beings and how does this compare to virtuousness? How should we live our lives? What does the human excellence imply about the purpose of our existence? Views proposed Aristotle argued that every human being has a function or goal in life and that the goal of human existence is to do the things that are distinctly human and that they must do it well so as to be a good human being. Ethics as a subject begins with the works of Aristotle. In its original form, this subject is concerned with the question of virtue (Greek arete) of character (ethos), or having excellent and well-chosen habits (Aristotle, 1999). The attainment of an excellent character is in turn meant to be the highest goal of living well in eudaimonia, a Greek word regularly translated as well-being or

Trends and Tactics used for Mobile Marketing Essay

Trends and Tactics used for Mobile Marketing - Essay Example Consequently, the customers are able to search for the product based on the simple captivating message given and eventually purchase the product (DeMers, 2014).Starbucks is another company that managed to effectively tap into the benefits of mobile marketing, through using the reward strategy; a reward system as the major strategy for attracting and retaining the attention of the customers (Vong, 2012). Starbucks has established a reward system program that rewards its repeat customers and then is divulging this advertisement through the mobile marketing platform. Consequently, the strategy makes it easier for the target customers to be reached personally, considering the fact that most of the consumers who own a mobile phone normally have the phone with them practically all the time (Richardson, 2010). This makes it possible for the attractive reward program by Starbucks to gain more attention both through mobile accessibility and the consequent word of mouth. The Starbucks strategy is becoming very effective because; when a reward system is communicated to a target consumer through their phone, it becomes more personalized and owned by the consumer as opposed to an advertisement that could be made through TV or print media.Thus, both Starbucks and Apple Inc. have been able to tap into the mobile marketing platform effectively through applying the simplicity and the reward system strategies respectively; and thus are consequently reaping the benefit of their unique mobile marketing strategies.

E-government benefits Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

E-government benefits - Research Paper Example Convenience is also characterized by availability of many channels brought about by e-government that enables the citizens to choose where and when to receive government services. In addition, citizens with disabilities do not have the trouble of moving from one geographical area to the other seeking government services. Secondly, e-government has simplified application processes. Yigitcanlar & Baum (2006) asserts that citizens can easily apply for government services easily. Through the government websites, a citizen can get answers to his or her question without wading through hundreds of irrelevant information. With e-government, records can be signed digitally, certified legally and delivered electronically to the appropriate locations via the internet. Information can easily be accessed using a standardized feel and look using MassCares suite applications. A MassCares suite application has enabled citizens to serve themselves because routine work of government officials has been automated. In addition, citizens can visit many government agencies with a click of the mouse. With e-government, application process has also been made simpler through single-windows and single-sign –on. Third, e-government has increased citizen’s effectiveness and efficiencies. ... Citizens have found out e-government reduces the amount of time, money as well as materials spend on seeking government services. This is because correspondence between the government officials and citizens can be done via email, shot messaging services or chat rooms. Furthermore, e-government has reduced the chances of citizens making errors in application because automation informs the user in real-time when the error occurs and allow him or her to rectify it on the spot. Effectiveness and efficiency brought about by e-government has enabled some citizens to plan better their personal and professional work. Fourth, e-government has increased democratization. Citizens can easily express their opinions on government policies and activities via online surveys or blogs. In fact, it has been established that citizens especially those who are younger participate on online discussions of political issues and are appealed by e-voting procedures. The citizens can easily exert direct and pro minent influence to legislative processes by increasing their political participation on issues affecting them. According to Roy (2004), e-government allows citizens to interact with government officials as well as politicians on major issues affecting their lives. Instant-messaging, online interactive survey, audio/video presentations and blogging will allow government officials and politicians see and understand people’s views (Alston, 2003). Fifth, e-government has increased transparency and accountability in government agencies. With e-government, citizens (voter) are allowed to get insight on how government decisions and policies are made in real time basis.

Homework Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Homework - Coursework Example Investment in securities by companies leads to the creation of capital markets. This capital market results due to the widespread ownership, which leads to better allocation of resources thus improving the economic growth. Investment in securities such as fixed income securities ensures more of its financing is done through issuing of bonds. This results in an advantage of cash flows to the fixed income securities as the interest payments (John, 2008). Another benefit of the securities in the investment of a company is that the securities are not limited to physical assets. It ensures the non-liquidity assets are pooled and shares in the diversified pool are then issued. This ensures that the complicated process of investment is simplified therefore making it easy and efficient. It reduces risk by maximizing returns due to invest in different categories that react in a different way to the same happening. This is because if a company has only a portfolio of railway, then all trains are involved in a strike then the railway company will experience great loss but if the company had a diversification of trains and buses only part of the portfolio would be affected (Chris, 2011). There is a possibility that the road stock prices would increase, as the passengers will turn to the buses as alternative means of transportation. Diversification of different assets classes minimizes risk as they react opposite to adverse situations. Variation in asset divisions such as stocks and bonds, ensures that if there is a negative effect in one it will be counterbalanced by positive results in the other one (Chris,

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 18

International Business - Essay Example Although many scholars have worked to identify what the phenomenon of globalization is, they all have very conflicting views on what it actually is. The simplest way to describe the word has been done by Laurence e. Rothenberg who describes it as the acceleration and intensification of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations. This process has effects on human well-being (including health and personal safety), on the environment, on culture (including ideas, religion, and political systems), and on economic development and prosperity of societies across the world. Next it is important to identify how this came into being. The sudden rise in globalization can be attributed to the advances in communication technology. People all over the world want to remain connected with everyone, regardless of location and time. This means that now there scope of knowledge and information has broadened beyond their own city/country. People are now aware of the latest trends and happenings and this creates a simple need of wanting those same things in their own country. This has been identified by various corporate entities that look to expand their operations into other countries and tap into this prepared customer base. There are many advantages to globalization, some of them are: The integration of rich and poor nations is not a zero-sum game where the gains of one come at the expense of the other. Driven by the rapid democratization of information, technology, and finance, globalization is turning out to be a remarkably progressive, liberating force Globalization helps break the regressive taboos responsible for discriminating against people on the basis of gender, race, or religious beliefs. It is an antidote to the intolerant fundamentalism that oppresses millions of the world’s poorest Globalization causes the poor citizens having more

Ethics of Information Communication Technology Dissertation - 1

Ethics of Information Communication Technology - Dissertation Example For the gathering of information and knowledge, the instrument that is required by all human beings is ICT, and security in this regard should be guaranteed to them as their basic right. However, throughout the world, the rights of humans are violated one way or the other. Violation of these rights has created new problems in the human social system like cybercrime, digital divide, digital security and privacy concerns for all of them. Round the globe, all of this has affected the lives of the people directly or indirectly (Sembok, 2003). This shows that due to the rising facilities of the global world, the related crimes are also increasing in the numbers. This increasing rate of the cyber crime has put the privacy and security of the individuals at stake. With such backdrop, this paper will discuss the types of cyber crimes and the upcoming frauds that are done by them. The objective of this paper is to highlight the effects of this crime and under the light of this crime, see the effects it has created on the economy of the United Kingdom. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of cyber crimes on the citizens, businesses, government, and the relevant interventions to deal with it. The range of cyber crimes is much diversified; so the paper will shed light on crimes such as child pornography, identity frauds to the individuals, tax and benefits fraud, NHS frauds, pension frauds, and local government and central government frauds faced by the government. The most affected sector is the business sector; so a major portion of the paper aims to cover this segment and discuss frauds like IP theft, industrial espionage, and online theft. Literature Review The literature review section initially discusses the general use of internet and the need of using this technology; it also talks about the crimes that result from this under the light of different kinds of literature. Then limiting to the topic, the paper aims at discussing the keyword: ‘Cyber Crime’. According to Nelson (2009) cybercrime is referred to as ‘the undertaken activities by the criminals for the financial gain’. He says that ‘such kinds of activities are used to take advantage of the vulnerabilities that are in use of the internet and other electronic systems. These systems illegitimately attack or access the information that is used by the businesses, citizens, and government.’ In this light, the paper will discuss the types of cybercrime and also talk about the ways these cyber crimes are taking place. A number of studies and researchers have been done in order to investigate the topic under discussion. However, this area needs to be researched more so that more valid and authentic conclusions can be drawn from the studies and the results could be applied to the society. The topic is chosen for my research, keeping in view its significance in the field and also, because of its importance in society. As it has been observed i n the societies that as people are getting more aware of the alarming nature of this issue and are interested in finding ways to help overcome this problem, more research work is needed in this area.  

Mathematics in Daily Life Essay Example for Free

Mathematics in Daily Life Essay People use math in their daily life. When you go to the grocery story you have to find out if you have enough money. When there are sales how much money it is and how much you save!! People use math every day. You use math whenever money, time, weight, height, calories or distance are involved for starters. Money You are going to book a hotel room for a trip. You have a coupon for a 15% discount. The rate is $120 before your discount. What is your rate ($102) and is it better than the internet rate, of $99.95? You will also want to consider the 10% hotel tax rate and the fees charged by the internet travel site (tax + $5.00.) With tax the room with the coupon is now $112.20, but with taxes and fees the rate for the internet room is $114.95. Good thing we know math. Time You get home at 4:15pm and you have a friend coming to pick you up to go to a party at 8:30. If you need to switch the laundry (10min), walk the dog (20min), take out the trash (15min), cook and eat dinner (60min) and do the dishes (20 min). How much time do you have to pick out clothes (?), shower (10min), iron clothes (10min), do your hair (?), do makeup (?), find shoes (?) and if you do the laundry first will there be enough time to use a piece of clothing that you put in the dryer earlier? Weight Your child is 4 and weighs 35lb and has tended to be of average weight/height. You want to buy something for your child that will hold up to 75lb. How many other kids can play on the item also? If 11 year olds weigh about 77lbs how long will he be able to use the item? Height If you have a 9ft ceilings,your tree topper is 7 tall and your tree stand adds 9 in height, what is the tallest Christmas tree you can fit? What if you get an artificial tree with its own stand that adds 0 to the height? Calories If you are serving a 600 calorie meal and you want to serve spaghetti, garlic bread, salad, wine and desert you will need to know how much they all are. 1 serving of spaghetti (5oz) is about 182c and sauce adds another 93c. Salad is only 17c a serving but dressing adds calories. If you let people add their own they tend to use two servings. Ranch adds 73c per serving , Italian only has 43c. Garlic bread is 170c per piece. You want to serve either tiramisu or poached pears for dessert. Tiramisu is about 450c per serving and the pears would be about 112xc per pear. The wine adds about 120c per glass and most people will have 2 glasses. What dessert should you serve? Does changing the dressing or adding it to the salad (so you limit the amount people get) change anything? What if you only serve wine with dinner (1 glass) and coffee (black = 0c, cream + 39c, whole milk + 18c, skim milk + 11c, sugar + 18c) with dessert? What if you serve smaller portions? Distance If you average 50mph on a day long trip and you need to go about 420 miles to visit your grandparents, how long will you be driving. If you stop for 30min for lunch and have two buy gas/use restroom/walk around breaks that are about 10-15min long, what time will you arrive if you leave at 7am? If you need to be there by 3pm, what time do you need to get going?

How The Grinch Stole Christmas

How The Grinch Stole Christmas How the Grinch stole Christmas is the rhymed story, beautifully illustrated by Dr. Seuss. This rhyming story not only sounds pleasant while listening, but it also gives a good lesson to all of the readers or listeners. This poem has been written 69 years ago, but it still charms the people of every age (Gikow, ‎ 2000). Theodor Seuss Geisel, also known as Dr. Seuss, was a well known poet, writer and cartoonist. He is well known for his book on children. He represents nonsense poetry, childrens literature, learning how to read and energetic cartoons. Dr. Seuss was a purist in his work and he sometimes, would spend approx. a year on a particular book (Stan, ‎2006). Dr. Seuss is probably the most beloved author of childrens Book, of the past century. He used his power of imagination to develop outstanding kids books. He not only created the unique and fun text, but he also helped children learn through that text. His books, though written for starters, appeal to people of all ages (Philip‎, 2004). How the Grinch Stole Christmas is the classic childrens story of all time. From teaching point of view, this story is not only perfect for the children, who are in their ready-to-read age, but it is also the perfect poem for teacher to teach with all the interests of the Starters. This story was first published as a book in 1957 by Random House. The book criticizes and is based o the Christmas commercialization. This book is also named as the Teachers Top 100 Books for children, by an online poll. This book also contains illustrations by Dr. Seuss, which add to the interest of the children. On the Top of the Mount Crumpit, which was in the north side of the Whoville, there lived a cat like thing known as the Grinch. The Grinch was green in color and used to live in a cave. His only friend was a tiny dog Max. From the mount, the Grinch could see that the people of Whoville, known as Whos, celebrating Christmas Eve and festivities. He could also hear their voices of excitement and singing. He watched those exchanging Christmas gifts and their Carol-singing. People of Whoville loved Christmas and they always wanted to enjoy this season with merriment. The Grinch was very much jealous of their happiness. He could no more endure them celebrating their favorite season. His heart was too sizes too small. So he decided to ruin their happiness (Dr. Seuss‎, 2000). So the Grinch, with his poorly dressed dog Max, went down the steep. Grinch had had his enough of Christmas business He was determined to destroy each and everything related to Christmas once and for all. So he sneaked into the houses of the Whos and stole their Christmas presents. He also stole their meals, decorations. He then started for his mount to take this loot up. He was determined to throw all these Christmas garbage. But at the very last moment, he heard a sound of Whos. This sound was coming from Whoville. All the Who were singing for the Christmas. Despite the fact that there was nothing in their houses to enjoy, they were singing together. Suddenly the Grinch felt remorse. He came back with all their stuff and joined the Christmas song. The Grinchs Attitude If we look into the character of the Grinch, we can see that he is obviously the Antagonist. Grinch was a miserable person, miserably against the happiness of others. He perfectly represents the Bad Guy of the story and typically lonely. He was not only physically alone, but more importantly he was a social outcast. He had no interaction with the people and lives in complete social isolation. He never felt any attraction or affection to the people of Whoville. He just lived above the mountain. Watching them, singing merrily and exchanging gifts with each other, always made him jealous. So he plotted against their happiness. He wanted to deprive them of the things which make them happy. He did not want to see anybody happy, as long as he is unhappy with his life. He thought when the people of Whoville would not have anything to celebrate Christmas with; they will all became sad and unhappy like him. This was the only thing that could make him happy. Dr. Seuss made his point very clear that lonely people hates facing cheering crowds Change in the Grinchs Attitude After Stealing all the things the Grinch thought that he had made the people of Whoville unhappy. But then he heard them singing like the way they always do. Only after then, a Shocking realization struck him. He realized that his plan totally failed. He had not managed to stop the celebrations of Christmas. Without any present and decorations, the people of Whoville were still celebrating the Christmas Eve with merriment. The Grinch realized that Christmas has nothing to do with the gifts and decoration. It even comes to those who have nothing in their houses. He can never steal Christmas, because Christmas is not a tangible thing. Christmas is something quite different. He can never prevent Christmas from coming. He has always misunderstood the merriment of the people of Whoville. He was in the state of utter shock. Though Grinch was a cruel and a lonely person but he still had a heart, which was innocent. He loved people inside and wanted to enjoy their gathering. But he never managed to join them by himself. He tried to steal their happiness, but he realizes that happiness was not about material thing. It can also be achieved, even if you have nothing. The situation introduced him to this new reality. It was shocking, but true. Christmas is not about presents and decorations, its all about inside merriment. The Grinch, with nothing in his possession, can even enjoy Christmas with the people of the Whoville. Dr. Seuss wants to tell us that Christmas is not about material things and commercialization. It is not about decorations and spending. Christmas is all about loving each other and spending time with your loved one. By this story he showed us all that, even the Grinch took all the things of Whos, but they still celebrated Christmas. Love, peace and harmony are the true message of the Christmas. Gifts and trees have nothing to do with the Christmas.

Japans Bio-Warfare Essay example -- essays research papers

While Germany experimented with biological weapons in World War I, the Japanese military practiced biowarfare on a mass scale in the years leading up to and throughout World War II. China became the first nation to experience the horrors of World War II. During the invasion of China, Japanese forces used methods of warfare that led to mass death and suffering on new unimaginable level.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1932, a few months after Japanese troops moved into Manchuria, disguised as a water purification plant, Dr. Ishii and his colleagues followed them in. Instead of a water purification plant, they built Zhoghma Fortress, a prison so named because of its location on the outskirts of HARBIN AND ITS INTIMIDATING APPERANCE> EXPERIMENTS WRE DONE ON THE PRISIONERS The majority of these experimental subjects were Chinese, but also included Russians, Mongolians, and Koreans. A notorious division of the Imperial Army called Unit 731 led the destructive aggression. â€Å"My calculation, which is very conservative, and based on incomplete sources as the major archives are still closed, is that 10,000 to 12,000 human beings were exterminated in lab experiments† (Factories of Death: Japanese biological Warfare, 1932-45, and the America Cover-up, Harris, S.H. (1944), London & New York). Japan’s invasion of Manchuria in 1931 gave Ishii the opportunity to begin his horrific experiments on human subjects. In 1938 Japan established Unit 731. Unit 731, a biological-warfare unit that was disguised as a water-purification unit, was formed outside the city of Harbin. In truth, it was a secret research laboratory that utilized humans as guinea pigs. The leader of Unit 731 was physician-researcher Dr. Ishii Shiro. Shiro Ishii was an intelligent Army microbiologist whose flamboyant personality soon attracted attention from his senior officers (Factories of Death: Japanese biological Warfare, 1932-45, and the America Cover-up, Harris, S.H. (1944), London & New York). In this evil facility, Japanese Militarists performed live, un-anesthetized human dissections for the purpose of researching the effects of pathogens. Female prisoners were used for studies on syphilis; humans and animal bloods were injected with each other’s blood to observed the physiological effect s; prisoners were hung upside down until death to see the time course of survival; humans were expose... ... frozen for twenty-four hours and then taken to a hot room to be thawed out. â€Å"They froze me until I was unconscious†¦I could not describe how much it hurt. It hurt so much that I begged the Japs to kill me† (Testimony of Art Campbell, US POW, a survivor of Mukuden, adopted from NBC Dateline â€Å"Factory of Death: Unit 731† August 15, 1995). Children were not immune to the horrors of Unit 731. March 17, 1995, The New York Times also reported, â€Å"Other than the partisans fighting the Japanese, Unit 731 also plucked civilians from the streets whenever they needed subjects. In 1943, a 10 year-old boy was kidnapped and taken to the laboratory dissection table. A person wearing a white cap made a Y-incision in his chest. Blood began to drip from his chest. In less than an hour, his stomach, kidneys, liver, pancreas, and intestines were preserved in jars of formaldehyde. Because they were fresh, the organs were still contracting and making soft murmurs. At this time somebody said, ‘Yo, the organs are still alive.’ Then everybody began to laugh. His brain was not wasted. It too was preserved. The boy was left with only his extremities and an empty abdominal cavity. Everything else was jarred.†

Honor and Bravery in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Macbeth: Honor and Bravery A struggle is present in every tragedy, as a person tries to overcome their flaws and fit the mold of their ideal. William Shakespeare plainly defined a good man in the play, Macbeth. Prudence and logic, temperance and patience, as well as the vindication of honor are Shakespeare's defining characteristics of a good man. Honor and bravery are Shakespeare’s defining characteristics of a good man while illogical passion and impatience are characteristics that do not characterize a good man. As with any tragedy, Macbeth's title character and hero had to fall from his place of greatness to see his faults and begin his agonizing climb back to his previous position. His position, that of a good man, was one that demanded respect in the beginning of Macbeth. The Sergeant described Macbeth's honor and bravery to King Duncan in Act I, Scene 2. For brave Macbeth well he deserves that name/ Disdaining fortune, with his brandish'd steel/Which smoked with bloody execution/Like valour's minion carved out his passage/Till he faced the slave; Macbeth defended his king's honor as well as his own, as Shakespeare showed a good man never backed down from a foe. In the later acts of the play, Shakespeare furthered the definition of a good man by portraying what a bad one was not. In Macbeth's darkest hours, he showed no sign of prudence and logic as he slayed King Duncan, and hired assassins to murder his friend Banquo. Macbeth displayed his temerity in Act IV, Scene 1 saying, from this moment â€Å"the very firstlings of my heart shall be / The firstlings of my hand. / And even now, / To crown my thoughts with acts, be it thought and done† (Act #, Scene #, Line #). Macbeth was no longer the logical, thinking man whom many admired. He had become reckless, acting with only his passion and not his mind. The tragedy of the murders he brought on fair Scotland was a direct result of this violation of the criterion of a good man. The most apparent flaws, and perhaps the most tragic in Macbeth's character, is his lack of patience and temperance. These shortcomings haunted Macbeth, causing him to let his "overvaulting ambition" rush fate, and hasten his doom. Macbeth could not wait for an appointment to a position of more power. Instead, he murdered the king to take his place.

The Science and Myth behind Phrenology Essay -- Biology Essays

The Science and Myth behind Phrenology Phrenology is a phenomenon that attempts to relate one’s personality and mental capabilities with the form and structure of one’s skull. This â€Å"science† became popular in the nineteenth century as the Eugenics movement gained widespread approval. In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, the reference to Phrenology is apparent in the scene where Marlow visits the doctor. â€Å"Then with a certain eagerness [the doctor] asked me whether I would let him measure my head. Rather surprised†¦he produced a thing like calipers. ‘I [the doctor] always ask leave, in the interests of science, to measure the crania of those going out there [the African jungle].’†¦He gave me a searching glance, and made another note. ‘Ever any madness in your family?’ he asked, in a matter-of-fact tome. I felt very annoyed. ‘Is that question in the interests of science, too?’† (Conrad 13). As it can be inferred, Marlow patronizes the doctor by implying that Phrenology is not a scientific practice because it cannot be used to determine the psychologcal â€Å"fitness† of an individual. Regardless, the spectacle of this practice in the late 1900s most likely gave Conrad the impetus to construct this parodied scene, which depicts Phrenology as a baseless science; however, the practice is not wholly baseless. The founder of Phrenology, Austrian physician Franz Joseph Gall, determined the existence of a relationship â€Å"between the morphology of the skull and the human character† (Peter 1). Franz asserted that the brain is responsible for a human’s mental capacities. He attempted to prove this assessment by making statements—found in his chief work, The Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System in General, and ... ...d the movement to justify their White supremacist, Aryan revolution. â€Å"Fascist ideologies like Nazism have misused some elements of craniometry in the framework of their infamous racist doctrines† (Peter 3). As a result of this misuse of Phrenology, it lost much of the scientific respect it hand gained in Western Civilization to the emerging field of psycho-analysis, whose father, Sigmund Freud, believed that the objectivity of Phrenology was limited because of its lack of introspection. Regardless of Phrenology’s disgraced past, it can still be regarded as a well-founded science that has an objective groundwork for assessing the importance of â€Å"self-knowledge, self-achievement, education, and human relationships† (Peter 4) in human development. Works Cited Peter, Van den Bosche. Phrenology. http://134.184.33.110/phreno/intro21.html. 05 October 2002.

Friedrich Nietzsche Essay

I chose to write on Freidrich Nietzsche . He was criticized for all of his writing because they were so controversial. He was mostly known for his statement â€Å"the Death of God†. It was said that a lot of his philosophies were misunderstood by most of his readers. He was commonly classified as a German philosopher. He believed in life, creativity, health, and the realities of the world we live in, rather than those situated in a world beyond. His key ideas were the death of god, perspectivism, the Ubermensch, the will to power, and the eternal recurrence. His philosophy was highly innovative and revolutionary but was also indebted to the pre-Socratic Greek thinker Heraclitus. Nietzsche frequently criticized Christianity in offensive and the most blasphemous ways possible. His views on morality were what got the most attention by other scholars. In his Daybreak he called himself an â€Å"immoralist† and often criticized the morality of his day. He wanted to create a new more naturalistic source of value in the fundamental impulses of life itself. He claims that Christianity had more of a master-slave morality than anything else. He associated the master-slave morality to that of the Jewish and Christian traditions. He associates good morals with charity, piety, restraint, meekness and submission and evil one’s being cruel, selfish, wealthy, and aggressive. He saw slave morality was mainly born out of the resentment slaves held toward their masters. It worked to give the slaves their own sense of inferiority over the wealthy or better off masters. His beliefs made it seem as if the slaves had chosen to be enslaved because they were believed to have the good morals. Their refusal to stand up for themselves was relabeled as meekness to further prove this point. Nietzsche argued that slave morality is essentially the morality of effectiveness since moral goodness involves anything that is helpful to whom is weak and poor. Nietzsche saw modern day Europe and its Christianity existing only as a hypocritical state due to the tension created by the master-slave morality. He made it clear that although he didn’t believe that morality was bad, it was just portrayed wrongfully. He believed that each individual should be responsible for their own morality and how they wanted to portray it. One of his favorite mottos was taken from Pindar was â€Å"Become what you are. † In Nietzsche’s view recent development in modern science and the increasing of secularization of European society had effectively â€Å"killed† the Christian God who served as a meaning and value in the west for more than a thousand years. He claimed that the death of god would eventually lead to the loss of any if not all universal perspective on things. The death of god would also cause people to hang on to their own multiple, diverse, fluid perspectives. This thought was eventually named perspectivism. But instead it was believed that the death of god would eventually go from perspectivism to nihilism or the belief that nothing had natural importance and that life itself lacked purpose. Nietzsche then said in The Spoke Zarathustra that an Ubermensch would be brought upon the people. He believed that only after a long twilight period with no God and nihilism Zarathustr’s gift of the superman would be given to mankind. Any problem that shall arise could be solved by the superman. An important element form his philosophical attitude was â€Å"will to power† which was a foundation for understanding motivation in human behavior. He held that the will to power was much more important than the force for adaptation or survival. According to him, it was only in limited situations where the drive for conservation was higher than the will to power, primarily when life was reduced to a state of poverty and limitation. He claimed that the natural condition of life was one of abundance. Later in his works he claimed that the will to power applied to all living things not just mankind. He suggested that adaptation and the struggle to survive came secondary in the evolution of animals and was less important than their desire to expand their power. He eventually took it even further claiming that even inorganic nature also followed the same rules. Nietzsche will to power was often compared to Schopenhauer’s will to live theory. Schopenhauer work was written an entire generation before Nietzsche and was believed to be borrowed. Schopenhauer’s belief was that the entire universe and everything in it was driven by a primordial will to live, resulting in all creatures’ desire to avoid death and procreate. Nietzsche however challenged this belief stating that people and animals really just want power and living in itself is only a subsidiary aim necessary to promote one’s own power. He backed up this belief by using competitive fighting as an example. He stated that people as well as animals were willing to risk their lives to gain power or higher ranking within their groups. Nietzsche was compared to other writers before him along with their views and beliefs on motivation of the human behavior, each time Nietzsche argued that in the end the will to power provided the most useful and general explanation. One of Nietzsche’s articles Eternal Return, was also known as the eternal recurrence, and was used as an answer to nihilism. In it he states that the wish for eternal return of all events would mark the ultimate affirmation of life. To comprehend the eternal recurrence in his thought and not to purely come to peace with it but to embrace it required the love of fate. Some people had stated that the Eternal Return was a crucial part of Nietzsche’s work and was central to his entire philosophy but was not widely discussed felt as though a large part of his philosophy was left untouched and unexplored. The basic explanation was that the universe was limited in extent and contained a finite amount of matter; time was viewed as being infinite. The universe however had no starting or ending state and matter comprised its constant changing state. The number of possible changes was infinite so sooner or later the same state would eventually occur. This concept was one of his most difficult to understand, he used it as an existential thought experiment. His most famous quote on eternal recurrence was called â€Å"the heaviest burden† and the best way to comprehend it was to let it be read by the reader. What if some day or night a demon were to steal after you into your loneliest loneliness and say to you: â€Å"This life as you now live it and have lived it, you will have to live once more and innumerable times more; and there will be nothing new in it, but ever pain and every joy and every thought and sigh and everything immeasurably small or great in your life must return to you-all in the same succession and sequence-even this spider and his moonlight between the trees, and even this moment and I myself. The eternal hourglass of existence is turned over and over, and you with it, a grain of dust! † Would you not throw yourself down and gnash your teeth and curse the demon who spoke thus? Or how well disposed would you have to become to yourself and to life to crave nothing more fervently that this ultimate eternal confirmation and seal? -Nietzsche

Elementary school Essay

As the end of the semester approaches, there are lots of experiences and learning that I would like to share during my internship at Paul Revere Elementary school. Just like in any experiences there are good things and bad things all at the same time. These experiences made my stay at Paul Revere Elementary school worth spending. Setting goals is something very important because this makes a person knowledgeable of his/her purpose. Even before going into my internship there are different goals that I would like to attain in my stay at Paul Revere Elementary school. Now that I am approaching the end, I believe that I am able to attain the goals that I established even before I entered my internship. It is also during my stay at Paul Revere Elementary school that I learned lots of things. During my stay there are things that I know that I would learn. One of this would be the importance of education to people especially to young students. My stay at Paul Revere Elementary school made me more aware of how important education is. There are also some things that I did not expect to learn at this school and this is how different students have different needs that teachers needs to consider. This is a very important factor consider in education and learning how to cater to these different needs is something that Paul Revere taught me. Because of these experiences, I believe it strengthened my career choice rather than question it. These experiences are enough proof to show how much I value now being a teacher. Being able to shape young minds is a very rewarding experience and I will never exchange this experience for anything else.

Reflection on my experience in the OB team Essay

Organizational behavior is concern with the study of the behavior of the people with in an organizational setting. It helps to understand predict and to control human behavior. In a working environment, we meet people with different ideas and characters. Therefore it is essential to understand how to cooperate with individual personalities to develop team working skills in different environments. Organizational behavior analyzes how people behave as individuals and as members of a group. With regard to the module Organizational Behavior, our module tutor divided our entire class into various groups of five and I found myself entitled with four other tremendously enthusiastic classmates of mine, namely Gayani, Jayan, Tharuka and Maheshi who I was very eager to work with. Our challenge was to imagine ourselves as external consultants and analyze the issues about a large planning consultancy named as Alpha Planning. The requirements were to relate the issues to specific organizational behavioral theories that we have discussed in class and as a group, we had to recommend solutions for the relevant issues as to how they could improve further in order to succeed. This reflective essay analyzes the individual basis theoretical areas covered by the module and integrates with my experience on team working with regard to the group course work. I have chosen to elaborate on the way Motivation interacts with Team Working. Team work is the key to a successful organization or a project. The notion of united we stand and divided we fall applies very well. Today there are many organizations employing hundreds of thousands of people all working together to build and keep the brand of companies. Having a team may be one issue and building cohesion within a team is another. It is not always easy to achieve unity but can be diligently sought through various levels of motivation. Motivation is stimulation or triggering of behavior and directing to achieve certain end goals. Many sociologists and psychologists have studied  motivation and developed certain theories to explain the concept of motivation. F. Herzberg was famous for his two factor theory while Abraham Maslow developed the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Different people are stimulated differently and will need a different trigger for action. In other words, there is no dearth of opportunities to learn on how to motivate a team. Individual differences and perceptions are common in team work as there will be people from all walks of life. Each of them comes from different backgrounds so they will have various characters, personalities, abilities, attitudes, perceptions and experiences. Therefore as a team, it is the responsibility of the team members to make sure that these personalities do not clash, but push other team members to forget about their differences and achieve their goal. The first and foremost question that appeared in my mind when I was asked to participate on a team to complete the course work was that, ‘why should I be a part of a team?’ Immediately the decision-making process began as follows. What is the purpose of the team? Is it a topic that interests me? Who will be on the team with me? What kind of authority will I have? What is the reward for participating? and What is the risk for not participating? These were the typical questions which related to my motivation to participate in the team. There are times when individuals are not given the opportunity to refuse participation on a team. For example, as in this scenario when it is a group course work for the partial fulfillment of a particular module, by default, I was a part of the team. The purpose of this team was the successfully completion of the module course work. The question, ‘who will be on the team with me’ didn’t create much of a concern as I had the opportunity to work with all of my team members a few times earlier. As soon as we were divided into group, we decided to appoint Maheshi as the Group Leader as we felt she was the best person to be in-charge of the team and decided to work under her guidance. We all realized that the reward for participating in the team is the successfully completion of the module course work and risk for not participating is the failure of the module course work. Therefore, I determined to contribute to the course work at my level best and assist my fellow team members in every way I can. Team motivation can rise or fall depending on a myriad of factors. For long-term motivation, there must be a purpose or mission that the team members find aligns with their personal wants and needs. Our purpose was to complete the course work successfully and all of us had one single motive in our mind with regard to the course work. That was to achieve an overall good grade for the Organizational Behavior module. A team member can be asked to participate on a temporary task force. If the mission is clear, he or she might be able to sustain motivation for the duration if he or she feels it is important. However, if it is a topic that is not in line with their needs, their motivation may to continue diminish. This didn’t create much of a concern as all of had the chance to clarify our doubts about our mission from the first group meeting. Throughout my life, I have heard many people say that their most rewarding team experiences resulted from some sort of challenge. When presented with a challenge, our defenses are alerted to move us to action or to run away from danger or address it directly. The challenge itself was the motivator. An additional criterion for a challenge is the level of difficulty. If a challenge is too difficult, perhaps perceived as impossible, then team members may give up before they start. However, the same result may occur if the members perceive the challenge as too easy. Little energy is required to accomplish something so easily obtained. Our course work was indeed a challenge, but it is safer to state that it was achievable as we were provided the theoretical knowledge throughout the whole semester during the module lectures. Yet it wasn’t a bed of roses as we had to do quite a lot of research to apply our theoretical knowledge on a practical working environment. We had to face some difficulties as not only we were informed to identify the organizational issues of the case study, but also to suggest recommendations and methods of implementations. Accordingly for our team, periodic stimulation in the form of a worthy challenge was another factor to maintain the team motivation. In general, people and teams are stimulated by being given responsibility. Having ownership of an identifiable block of work is a long-held principle of motivation in groups. However, responsibility can be tricky. It is important to understand that the responsibility comes along with authority to make the necessary changes. Teams that have both the responsibility and authority tend to maintain motivation over longer periods of time. Responsibility can be demotivating if the consequences of error or failure  are too great. The short-term performance may be good, but long-term motivation will suffer. It is difficult to sustain high performance when energy is being sapped by fear. We initialized the course work by reading the case study as a group. The discussion was informal and friendly and everyone had an idea to contribute and did not hold back thoughts as plenty of suggestions were being thrown. At the end of the discussion we came up with a list of possible issues and each of us were given two Organizational Behavior topics to research on, where we had to focus on finding theories, recommendations and implementations that we could relate to the issues. Therefore according to the task allocation which was conducted by our team leader, the responsibility was divided among the team fairly and each and every one of us was responsible for the total outcome of the course work. Another factor that motivates successful teams is camaraderie, meaning comradeship, fellowship, and loyalty. It’s a lot easier to perform as a team when the team members have a good relationship with each other. The outcome of this kind of relationship building is open and direct communication, frequent praising of each others’ contributions, and mutual support. Much of the time we like or dislike someone, it relates more towards how well we understand them. And since our formal training has not addressed this, most of us enter adulthood ill-equipped to deal with the myriad of personalities, temperaments, cultures, values, beliefs, ideologies, religions, and eccentric behaviors of those we meet. One way to break down these barriers is to expand our understanding on our own species. During the course work, the most important fact which I was able to realize was that the team members in our team as individuals had different talents and capabilities. Some of us were good in understanding the theoretical aspects when the others had a hard time understanding the theory and some of us had a wider knowledge in dealing with practical situations and were able to help others. Therefore we were able to use these various capabilities for different types of tasks. Each of us completed separate parts of the course work and this assisted us a great deal to finish the entire course work before the deadline. During the brainstorming session, I was able to help my team mates who were unable to grasp the organizational theories by explaining the case study thoroughly in much simpler terms. This act led  towards building camaraderie within the team. At the beginning, there were issues with regard to the fact that our team leader tended to take the entire burden and some of the team members weren’t aware of the work that has been done. However, after the submission of the Report Plan we were able to solve that issue by communicating directly with the Team Leader and expressing our ideas to her. Thereafter, there were no conflicts with regard to dissatisfaction in members’ work and there was no depression or tension even at the last minute. Therefore we all were motivated to work as a team and were able to finish the relevant tasks much easily. Personal and team growth can provide another basis for sustained team motivation. When people feel they are moving forward, learning new concepts, adding to their skill base, and stretching their minds, motivation tends to remain high. Personal growth adds value to the individual, enhancing self-esteem and self-worth. Accordingly, team members and team leaders should look for opportunities that help add knowledge and skills. Enrolling in the module, Organizational Behavior has enabled me to understand and analyze the way people interact within the organizations both now and in the future. As a second year student, I will be able to gain the exposure of a real working environment during my placement year. Therefore acquiring some of the career management and higher education skills through team working is essential for my career development. This was indeed a motivational factor for me to engage in this course work and provide my level best contribution to the team. As my team mates had the same motive, it was a motivational factor for the entire team. Being a part of this team made me realize that there are both the visible and invisible benefits of a highly motivated team. Highly motivated team members look forward in completing the tasks successfully, actively and consciously contribute to the team, get more done and have more ideas, focus their energy on the positives rather than the negatives and reinforce the team culture. Creating and sustaining motivation requires open communication, honesty and respect. Essentially, motivation is about bonding with the fellow team mates. If we make an effort to know them, listening to them and valuing them for their particular contributions and potential, they are more likely to work with us in meeting the challenges. In conclusion, I would like to state that in a team, whose members are  aligned with its purpose, feel a challenge in their task, have a strong sense of camaraderie, feel responsibility for the outcome, and experience growth as a team and in their personal lives, will tend to sustain motivation over the long haul. This is not to say that the team will not have difficulties at times, or the members’ needs won’t change over time. In these cases, sometimes changes will have to be made. But, as much as it is possible to sustain motivation indefinitely the factors which I mentioned above will tend to create the best possible environment for it. In fact I would like to state that those factors helped us as a team to be motivated in reaching our goal and as well as to develop our team working skills. The knowledge gained and skills that I have enhanced through successful interaction among team members will undoubtedly be useful in future. It has built up my confidence and ability to voice my concerns and opinions within a group as required. In addition this would enhance my leadership skills in terms of the ability to understand individual experiences and factors influencing motivation which could be effectively made use of in project management.

Case Study of the MAXXI National Museum

MAXXI MUSEUM ­Ã‚ ­ 001.jpg"/> Contemporary Architecture This study will concentrate on MAXXI National Museum and it will supply a comprehensive reappraisal of Contemporary museum architecture ( built in Rome in 2009 ) , designed by the Zaha Hadid Architects. As it was said in â€Å"Museums in the 21stCentury† , there is no uncertainty to state that museum architecture seeks it’s development through the periods, divided into pre- and post-Bilbao epochs. Bilbao ‘s edifices are a assortment of architectural manners, runing from Gothic to modern-day architecture like Guggenheim Museum Bilbao ( construct in Spain in 1997 ) which gives the beggary of modern-day Bilbao motion. Rome has no duty to turn itself into a voguish modern metropolis ; its glorification remainders on the accomplishments of antiquity, the Renaissance, and the Baroque. In mid1990’s a new policy in Rome for ’the publicity of modern-day architecture’ has tried to alter the architectural understatement by its metropolis authoritiess, po licy with different facets, positions and cultural activities, with willingness for freshness. The foundation of the Maxi Museum was followed by international design competition uniting all the new chances. Hadid’s proposal is an impressive urban sculpture with dynamic and indefinite exhibition infinite. To build this essay, and turn out that MAXXI museum is an illustration of Modernism assorted beginnings have been researched. Therefore, its consistence includes Architectural construct and urban scheme, infinite V object, Institutional Catalyst and Contemporary Spatiality. The essay was conducted in the signifier of a study, with informations being gathered via books â€Å"Lubetkin & A ; Tecton: An architectural study† by Yoshio Malcolm Reading & A ; Peter Coe ( 1992 ) , â€Å"Frank O. Gehry: The complete works† by Francesco Dal Co & A ; Kurt W. Foster ( 1998 ) , and the undermentioned articles â€Å"MAXXI Museum in Rome by Zaha Hadid Architects wins the RIBA Starling Prize 2010† by Levent Ozler, â€Å" Zaha Hadid ‘s MAXXI – National Museum of XXI Century Arts† by Zaha Hadid Architects, † Starling Prize 2010 Goes to Zaha Hadid’s MAXXI Museum in Rome† ( unknown writer ) . The early architectural modernism was so sudden interruption with tradition. Raise the streamer of artistic simplification and geometrization, advanced substantiate this aesthetic motto, ethical and political. The technique had become progressive character, and the machine – a metaphor.In the history of the foundation of modernism function has Berthold Lubetkin along with Le Coubusier second- coevals well-known modernist. In 1932, Lubetkin formed the Tecton partnership including Gofrey Samuel, Sir Herbert, Michael Dugdale, Valentine Harding and Anthony Chitty. Main old ages of work for Tecton partnership were the period from 1932 till the effusion of the Second universe war, and their work can be categorized in four sections: Apartments in north London, the work for Finsbury Borough Council, The menagerie work and house undertakings. One of the picturesque undertakings commissioned to construct after earned repute from the designed Regen’s park ( built in London, 1978 ) and Whipsnade zoo ( built in Whipsnade in 1931 ) was Dudley Zoo. Its location is outside Birmingham, in town called Dudley opened in May 1937.The geometric character of edifice consisted 12 animate being enclosures which despite the different maps of the edifices they formed relationship based on close connexion between them which was an early modernist illustration in England. In another manus on the official page of MAXXI museum Zaha Hadid commented that â€Å"the museum should non be seen as an object, but as a field of buildings† . Another manner to back up the touch of modernism is connected with the concrete walls in Kiosks, smallest edifices in the menagerie. Concrete is material typical for this period, and the same building techniques are used in Maxxi museum. In that manner is proven that Maxxi museum was portion of the Modern motion ( modernism ) . Another modernist for this period is half American half Canadian designer Frank Gehry. Among the well-known work of him is ( built in Spain in 1997 ) . The projected was funded and owned by Basque Country Administration, showing good entree for trade concern. The internal organisations of the infinites are distributed in three floors. The cardinal tribunal of the edifice serves as unit point, with unfastened position to the metropolis. Different art galleries fill the infinites with intent to expose impermanent exhibitions, lasting exhibitions and art from populating artist.The stuff for the exterior curving walls of the edifice is limestone and for inside is used plaster. Natural visible radiation is captured via fanlights with the aid of sunglassess control during the twenty-four hours. And as Frank Gehry says for the unconsciously made curved walls â€Å" the entropy of the curves are designed to catch the visible radiation † . With this commendation it is suggested that ap plied scientists along with the designer used scientific cognition, one of the typical features for modernism. In Maxxi museum the fluid and sinuate forms, the assortment and interweaving of infinites and the modulated usage of natural visible radiation is taking to functional model. By mensurating all these of import facet in order to hold this consequence and allow the visible radiation to come into the edifice they highlight the map. Therefore MAXXI museum it was besides used scientific cognition. Once it was said by Frank Lloyd Wright ‘s that the perceptual experience â€Å"form follows function† implies the believes that it is design service to its map. Harmonizing to arcspace.com the chief design thought of Maxi museum it is conected to the usage of the edifice exhibition infinite for ocular humanistic disciplines. Maxi museum walls traversing country and their interfaces define the interior halls of the museum and exterior.Because of the geometric abstraction in Maxxi museum â€Å"Form follows function† , we reach another feature of modernism. Modernism introduces the construct of â€Å" truth to stuffs † which states that the edifice stuffs should be exposed instead than conceal and situated in the appropriate topographic point. An illustration of this is statement is Maxxi museum. With its limited scope of stuffs, such as the walls of open concrete or grey flooring utilizing its defects, it is constructed a sequence. On 2nd floor and 3rd, the touch of daytime can be sense over the glass roof supported by steel prances. They possess a mechanism that helps for the exhibition of pictures and sculptures which are non mounted to the floor. In that why Maxxi museum is modernist edifice. Another designer of the modernism motion was Oscar Niemeyer. After his single development in architecture and a series of undertakings in the metropolis Belo Horizonte, he began to experience passion for egg-shaped forms which links with his fatherland, rivers and even woman’s organic structure form and concrete as a stuff for building. The same stuffs are used in Maxxi museum, another good ground to back up the grounds of Contemporary architecture. Exposed concrete and glass we can see in Peter Behrens edifice called AEG. Wassily Kandinsky was a Russian painter, who worked chiefly in Germany and France. Kandinsky is expressionist and proclaimed himself for Godhead of the first abstract picture, despite concerns that it dates back to consider with an earlier day of the month. His first plants were abstract water-color. His work in life base on ballss through three phases: feeling of external nature, improvisation and works composings. Wassily works and lived ab initio in Munich and subsequently in Russia, but because the conditions of Russian Communism – the censoring of totalitarian government – was forced to emigrate. First assume learning at the Bauhaus in Germany, after the closing of the school by the Nazis escaped to Paris. In 1933 by the National Kandinsky taught in Weimar, Dessau and Berlin, where he met with Russian constructivism. At that clip, the geometry acquired high quality in his art. Forms which are reminding of micro-organisms, but ever picturing interior life of the Was sily. He used an unordinary colour composings copying Slavic folklore. And mix sand with dyes to leave raggedness colourss. Consequently to theguardian.com it mentions that Maxxi museum has different assortments of colourss, such as: Grey, black, white and broad scope of pick mixtures of the open concrete. Our attending is grabbed, from the ruddy abstract elements from the ceiling, positioned in order to demo the modern-day character of the edifice through colour.Respectively of Wissily Kandinsky colour theory based on abstract elements and signifiers, we have proven our claim. Modernism is period with extremely advanced technological development.It categorizes the exposure of the construction, that’s why it could be called the period of Structural Expressionism. High-tech architecture creates new ocular thoughts, and the esteem for economical edifice buildings led to hapless fabrication quality. During the 1880ss it was hard to distinguish this technological betterment from post–modern architecture. This is exemplified in the work undertaken by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano, Centre Pompidou. As it was reference in archdaily one of the chief design construct thoughts was the typically structural bring outing for modernism. The edifice was dived with the aid of colour coding.Using this system it could be easy recognized the different constituents or country of the edifice. For illustration electrical mechanism was colored in orange and yellow, constructions and stepss were painted in gray.In maxi museum we have exposure of stairway excessively , which led once more to the idea that Maxi museum is modernist edifice. Le Corbusier is a Gallic designer and it was born in Switzerland. He formulated his five rules of modern architecture, in which he remains faithful to the terminal of his life. The first rule is connected with columns – it separates the house from the land through several back uping columns. The 2nd rule is garden – he besides uses gardens on the roof of edifices. The 3rd rule is a little figure of supporting walls. The 4th rule is widely glazing and the last 5th rule is free facade – exterior walls free from their supporting map. And based on those five point rules he adjusted one of his undertakings: Villa Savoye which has large influence over the modernism. With unfastened program and sequence of inclines, he dares the occupants to travel through the infinites invariably. In Maxxi museum the visitant are invited to come in into a series of uninterrupted infinites, instead than the compact volume of an stray edifice. So in both instances we have a incorporate i nfinite. Decision: To sum up, the chief end of the essay was to find and explicate why Maxxi museum is modern-day edifice. Based on several perceptual experiences typical for modernism, it was proven consequently to the construct â€Å"Form follows map † , â€Å" Truth to stuffs † , unhidden constructions and scientific cognition. Maxi is a museum with legion volumes and extension of lines, without centre point, stand foring the circulation of images and thoughts. Building is seen as a 2nd tegument of the metropolis, reacting to the environment, the edifice is seen as artistic s stretching pulling over the fantastic landscape.

British class and gender formation during the nineteenth century Essay

British class and gender formation during the nineteenth century - Essay Example With this underlying premise, it can be argued that the economic conditions during that time due to the Industrial revolution perpetrated the spread of a unique kind of class and gender consciousness. However, it must be noted that this in no way undermines the role and importance of other factors. This argument does not state that the only factor responsible for the changing class and gender consciousness in 19th century England is purely economic in nature. Rather, the economic condition during that period is the most important determinant in class and gender consciousness due to it being inescapable; and because it is inescapable, it became the ground from where the cultural approach—which basically states that English ideologies and rhetoric are more significant in the construction of class and gender identities—sprouted. What the economic condition did was that it aggravated other factors, such as language and rhetoric, and this prompted the â€Å"making of the En glish working class,†1 as well as the â€Å"sexual crisis.†2 This paper will show, through notable writings that aim to explain the Industrial Revolution and the resulting class and gender consciousness through the cultural approach, how the economic factors surrounding these explanations cannot be avoided. These are the evidences that this argument will use in proving the premise that the economic situation at that time is the most important factor as it is both ubiquitous and inescapable. Athough these readings use the cultural approach, they still could not help but highlight the underlying reason for these experiences and rhetoric—and that is, the economic condition of that time, whether in the provinces or cities, became the set that staged the changes in familial and societal relationships. In order to better understand the economic conditions of 19th century England, the Industrial Revolution must be discussed

Master thesis review Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Master thesis review - Article Example Looking at this understanding, the topic was perfect. Two major studies conducted in year 1992 and 2001 shows that the western-European parties, including Norwegian parties, lost members and continue doing so. This proves the phenomenal growth of the Norwegian Progress Party, Fremskrittspartiet, is an exception and hence worth studying. The thesis is strongly supported by proper utilization of extensive literature review, data and qualitative method. The thesis, ‘Explaining membership growth in the Norwegian Progress Party from 1973 to 2008,’ is a case study (Mjelde 2008, p.1). Case study can be defined as â€Å"a detailed examination of an aspect of a historical episode to develop or test historical explanations that may be generalized to other events†(George & Baskette 2005, p.4). The selection of case study as a methodology proved to be advantageous in many ways. The intention of the author was to study the membership growth of the Progress Party in its breadth and depth (Mjelde 2008, p.6). Hence, the choice of case study as a method for this topic was appropriate. The two important strengths of the case study method are: 1. Conceptual Validity, 2. Deriving new hypothesis (George & Baskette 2005, pp.19-22). The choice of case study method helped the author due to its strengths in following ways: Case study allows the researcher to study the validity of the concept at high level(George & Baskette 2005, p. 19). The study of the membership growth in the Norwegian Progress Party was a difficult study as it demanded the researcher to study the growth in presence of different contexts. To study the theoretical concept in depth, it is important to identify and measure the factors that

The History and Regeneration of Ballymun, Co. Dublin Ireland Essay

The History and Regeneration of Ballymun, Co. Dublin Ireland - Essay Example The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the regeneration of Ballymun, a major renewal project now being implemented in Dublin. The paper will also examine if this regeneration project has been successful in achieving its objectives. In examining this issue the author has looked at Ballymun as a whole and researched past problems and mistakes made by the government and Dublin City Council. This paper reviews the most recent and most radical of attempts to regenerate Ballymun, which is currently being implemented under the auspices of a quasi-governmental organization, Ballymun Regeneration Ltd (BRL). This company was established by Dublin Corporation in 1997 to prepare and implement a plan for the regeneration of the Ballymun estate and the ambitions housing demolition of the flats and rebuild of new homes and socio-economic development programme which it has devised will be funded by a mixture of direct public investment together with tax relief for private sector investme nt in house building and office and factory development.   This regeneration project is highly innovative in the Irish context because BRL is the first and, to date, the only designated, quasi-governmental agency which has been employed to regenerate a public housing area in the history of the Irish State. Moreover, the use of tax incentives to encourage private sector investment in an area of this type is also unprecedented.  ... The dissertation will look at the following issues and relevant theories: 1. Establishing the urban regeneration in Ireland and its initiatives 2. Pointing out urban problems in Dublin 3. Evolution of Ballymun: its planning and development, its construction and design problems, 4. Ballymun problems and their solutions due to strategies of regeneration 5. Defining problems concerning built environment, housing management, regeneration This dissertation reviews the most recent and most radical of attempts to regenerate Ballymun, which is currently being implemented under the auspices of a quasi governmental organisation, Ballymun Regeneration Ltd (BRL). This company was established by Dublin Corporation in 1997 to prepare and implement a plan for the regeneration of the Ballymun estate and the ambitions housing demolition of the flats and rebuild of new homes and socio-economic development programme which it has devised will be funded by a mixture of direct public investment together with tax relief for private sector investment in house building and office and factory development. This regeneration project is highly innovative in the Irish context, because BRL is the first and, to date, the only designated, quasi governmental agency which has been employed to regenerate a public housing area in the history of the Irish State. Moreover the use of tax incentives to encourage private sector investment in an area of t his type is also unprecedented. BRL is also significant in the international context as, unlike many comparable regeneration projects in other countries, the indications are that its efforts to diversify tenure and encourage private sector

Contrast between Bartleby.com and Merriam-Webster Online Essay

Contrast between Bartleby.com and Merriam-Webster Online - Essay Example The credibility of both the websites under consideration is duly recognized by many prominent scholars and the teachers of English language hailing from a number of reputed academic institutions. As already mentioned, Bartleby is a leading publisher of online and digital resource works that are easily accessible on the company's website and at most of the famous online bookstores like the amazon.com. On the other side, Merriam-Webster happens to be a seasoned and time tested publisher of the print and electronic resource works, which has enjoyed an unblemished reputation for credibility and reliability since the year 1982. Veracity, reliability, and credibility are the hallmarks of any worthwhile academic endeavor and research and the given two websites amply satisfy all these criteria. Language is not a static phenomenon, but an alive and pulsating entity that alters and changes on a regular basis. The staff at both the Bartleby.com and the Merriam-Webster Online promptly responds t o this challenge by updating them on a continuous basis. Bartleby.com comes with an off white background that scarcely interrupts its dark blue text, making it easier to read and highly legible. The usage of dark blue text over an off white background enhances the website's visibility and aesthetic appeal. Overall, this website gives a presentable impression and is definitely pleasing to the eye of any visitor. Images and the sections of the text are tastefully separated by white and grey spaces, thus facilitating an easy view. The text is neither too big nor too small and is bold enough to allow for an amenable reading by a majority of the visitors. Columns of the text are wide enough to make the on-screen presentation facile and hassle-free. Merriam-Webster Online also adheres to a two-color scheme, using light blue text and columns over an off white background.     

Paternalism - article by Dworkin Gerald Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paternalism - by Dworkin Gerald - Article Example Regardless of the society’s best interests at heart any form of legislation has no right to exert its authority over an individual because it is a threat to the person’s independence. By making a set of rules and putting restrictions the system tries to confine and form a community which it deems correct rather than letting the individuals’ form a society they think is an ideal one. Although paternalism claims to have best of intensions for a person yet it is not necessary that the individual also sees it as means for a better life. For Mill such interference is not only offensive but also an abuse of his autonomy. Paternalistic interference can be categorized into pure and impure types of interventions. Pure paternalism deals with restrictions which ensure the benefit of an individual. While impure paternalism tries to protect an individual by putting restrictions on one’s independence. Mill asserts that majority of the individuals are rational adults who are aware of the fact that most of the paternalistic laws are made in order to remedy their safety. Yet it should be left for an individual to decide whether he wants to follow them or not i.e. freedom of choice should be granted because one learns best through ones mistakes. He is not ignorant of the fact that not all individuals have same level of intelligence and for children specifically paternalistic restrictions are necessary though he says that some modicum of restraint should be observed. He also realizes in certain cases practice of restraint is necessary so an outside force is required for the implementation of such restrictions. Hence although in order to form law and order paternalistic restrictions are necessary yet some leniency should be granted in their practice so that it would not threaten an individual’s liberty and at the same time precautionary measures are also

Issues in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Issues in Management - Essay Example Investigation was carried out before Houston offered to purchase the company. Although the deal failed, Enron assets were made the largest corporate bankrupt in the history of United States’ corporations. The collapse of Enron serves as a lesson for managers and all sub-versions of company management controls. The meteoric rise and down fall of the company astonished groups of people thereby becoming a dream for researchers to unveil what led to such misfortunes; however, the entire ordeal has ever since remained a nightmare for all former and current stakeholders of the company. The company’s downfall is associated with individuals born with greed and in atmospheres on corporate arrogance. However, many people kept on buying stock; thus, making it buy risk deals. After some time, Enron was then bought from the union of Houston Natural gas. In the union process, the company incurred huge debt and lost its rights to pipeline. To revive its operations, the company decided to initiate new ideas and formulate new strategies that would help to generate cash flow and good profits. On the other hand, to regain its stability, the company hired Jeffrey Skilling, a young consultant with good skills in banking and liability management who created gas bank whereby, Enron could buy gas from suppliers and sell it to consumers. This activity brought about huge profits and created new product as well as new paradigm for the company. Under the leadership of the young consultant, the company’s finance corporation soon dominated the market with many contracts and good access to suppliers. The number of customers was also seen to multiply. Its gained market power was utilized on predicting future prices with accuracy. Skilling begun to change the culture of the company to much its transformed image as a trading business entity. For instance, he

Family Law in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Family Law in America - Essay Example In this paper, the case involving Eric and Cindy epitomizes a case whereby spouses are in total agreement until they decide to divorce. Both parties share responsibilities at their home and prior to their marriage, they had signed a prenuptial agreement. The wife disclosed much of her assets and the husband agreed to share the responsibilities at home. Nonetheless, since they have agreed to file a divorce and their case is an uncontested divorce, it looks simple. However, the challenge is that there is no clarity as to whether they have agreed on property division, child custody, and support issues. Since they have agreed to part ways, one of the spouses hires an attorney to prepare the obligatory paperwork. In this case, the wife will only be required to read and sign both the waiver and the final decree. Ethically, it is not possible to represent two parties in a divorce when there is a conflict of interest. If one attorney tries to represent the husband and the wife, in this case, he or she may face some problems. If the attorney takes a side and informs one party that the deal would make it possible for him or her to gain financially, it might anger one party. If the attorney manipulates any party to decide otherwise, the case is considered unethical. In fact, one attorney cannot represent two parties with conflict of interest. Getting an annulment is out of questions because it is a court order that a marriage never existed. Annulment could only be granted if the spouse was already married to someone else. Annulments are very rare. In this case, there is no such a case whereby the husband is claimed to have been married to someone else. However, the case indicates that the wife had mental issues, but still the issues never avoided her from agreeing to marry. She was not forced to marry, they all agreed. Annulment, in this case, is not appropriate because after realizing that the wife had mental problems, the husband was willing to continue with the married out of love.

The Bean Trees Essay Example for Free

The Bean Trees Essay In the book, The Bean Trees, Taylor is the central character and one whose outlook on life, sense of humor and intellectual make up, serve as the motivation behind the central themes in the book. Within the book, Taylor has three goals in life: to graduate high school without getting pregnant, to get as far away from Pittman as possible and to change her name. She seeks a whole new identity out in the West and has a â€Å"can-do† attitude in the face of opposition and the experience of witnessing a great deal of pain, oppression and the darker side of people, yet she still continues to be an interesting and uplifting character within The Bean Trees. Taylor has a sympathetic side to her when she meets Turtle and Esperenza. There are few individuals who, when faced with raising another person’s child through the unexpected way in which Turtle was left with Taylor, would still decide to give raise that child as their own. Most would have felt sympathetic fore the child but would not have spent an entire lifetime raising the child. But that is what a young and unmarried Taylor decided to do. Also, when Taylor realizes that this individual is not a baby but rather an undersized and malnourished victim of sexual abuse, Taylor does not let the severity of her Turtle’s situation dissuade her from continuing to raise the child as her own while facing an almost certain life of abject poverty and hopelessness. This abuse that is experienced by Turtle does not quell Taylor’s lust for live and her belief in the goodness of people. She is not naive about the dark side of people but chooses rather to hold firm to the friendships that she has formed with other women. In this way, she serves as an archetypal hero in the fact that she leaves her home and family, descends into poverty and hopelessness, only to reemerge in order to accomplish some good for the people around her; specifically, her new daughter Turtle and her friends from Guatemala, Esperanza and Estevan. She also serves as a unique and independent character in the fact that her happiness and her success does not rely upon the actions or assistance of men. The men that she does befriend, serve as a strictly platonic relationship and are not central to the intellectual make up of Taylor. Taylor learns to grow up fast as she is now a mother with a troubled and young child. What complicated and threatens her upbeat and optimistic look on life is when she becomes aware of the plight of immigrants and a system, in her mind, which has left them behind. This comes with the befriending of Esperanza once Taylor decides that the only job left to take is working at Mattie’s tire barn. She cares for her child with the same tender heart that she cares for the plight of Estevan and Esperanza. Estevan’s outlook on life seems to shape Taylor’s as well. â€Å"Estevan explains that in hell people do not help one another, but in heaven they do.† Taylor takes to heart the troubles of others. In the end, receives as much from her friends as she gave. Even though Taylor is portrayed as an independent woman and a different type of heroine, she still requires the support that she gets from these people. In this way, her outlook on life is one that cannot be reco nciled without good people surrounding her. Taylor’s outlook on life comes from social consciousness through the treatment of immigrants by the government and the injustice that, in her mind, shapes her opinion about social issues as it has the same effect on Kingsolver, the author of The Bean Trees. But in the end, her humor and optimistic outlook on life cannot help but be increased through her newfound sense of motherhood. â€Å"It didn’t seem to matter to Turtle, she was happy where she was. . . . She watched the dark highway and entertained me with her vegetable-soup song, except that now there were people mixed in with the beans and potatoes: Dwayne Ray, Mattie, Esperanza, Lou Ann and all the rest. And me. I was the main ingredient.† It has become established that Turtle finally defines Taylor as being her true mother and the woman that has cared enough to take care of her when it was not convenient to do so. And lastly, the fact that Taylor now defines herself as being the main ingredient in the happiness and well being of Turtle, her only daughter is what keeps Taylor optimistic and upbeat in the fact of contributing factors that would cause the weaker individual to give in and become embittered by those experiences. The story ends with the reader being convinced that Taylor and Turtle will live a full and enjoyable life, despite the probability that there will be more troubles to come. WORKS CITED Kingsolver, Barbara. The Bean Trees. New York: Harper Collins, 1988.